In the present chapter we shall endeavour to show how grace, the principle of new life, takes possession of the soul of man, and transfers him from the slavery of sin into the kingdom of the adopted sons of God. “Justification” is the term applied to this process by the Council of Trent and by theologians. Its etymological meaning is “making just,” that is, putting man in the right with God and with himself, or re-establishing the order originally established between God and man. Of this primitive order sanctifying grace was the foundation and the life-spring. Hence the question of “How man is justified” resolves itself into this: “How is sanctifying grace conferred upon man?” If the reader has mastered Book III., Part II., and especially § 149, he can solve that question for himself. We have only to add the teaching of the Church (a) on the preparation for justification; (b) on its essential character, as opposed to the innovations of the Reformers; (c) on some of its effects; and (d) on the meritoriousness of the works of the justified. The Sixth Session of the Council of Trent is our guide throughout.